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Physical

Optimize Your Physical Performance

Your physical health is key to your overall well-being, and the physical health reports generated by Kokora DNA health tests provide valuable insights into your genetic predispositions related to physical traits and conditions. By understanding these, you can make better informed decisions on the best training methods for you.

Exercise Effect On Weight

Power-To-Weight Ratio

Lean Body Mass

Soft Tissue Inflammation

Reports

02 usage

Genes of Interest: ADRB1, VEGFA, GABPB1, ACE

These genes have been found to affect the body's ability to use oxygen efficiently and effectively, which can impact athletic performance and endurance.

ADRB1, also known as the beta-1 adrenergic receptor gene, has been found to affect heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen utilization during exercise. Variations in this gene have been linked to increased heart rate and decreased oxygen utilization during exercise, which can negatively impact athletic performance.

VEGFA, also known as the vascular endothelial growth factor A gene, has been found to play a role in blood flow regulation. Variations in this gene have been linked to decreased oxygen delivery to the muscles during exercise, which can result in decreased athletic performance.

GABPB1, also known as the GA binding protein beta subunit 1 gene, has been found to play a role in the regulation of muscle metabolism during exercise. Variations in this gene have been linked to decreased oxygen utilization during exercise, which can negatively impact athletic performance.

ACE2, also known as the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene, has been found to play a role in blood pressure regulation and oxygen utilization. Variations in this gene have been linked to decreased oxygen utilization during exercise, which can negatively impact athletic performance.

Anaerobic Threshold

Genes of Interest: PPARGC1A, ACTN3

The genes PPARGC1A and ACTN3 play a role in determining an individual's anaerobic threshold, which is the point during exercise when the body transitions from using aerobic metabolism to anaerobic metabolism. This threshold is an important factor in determining endurance and performance during high-intensity physical activity.

PPARGC1A, also known as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α, is a gene that regulates the expression of other genes involved in energy metabolism. It has been shown to play a role in improving muscle endurance and increasing the anaerobic threshold.

ACTN3, or alpha-actinin-3, is a gene that encodes a protein involved in muscle contraction. People with a specific variant of the ACTN3 gene, known as the R577X variant, have been shown to have a lower anaerobic threshold compared to those with the normal variant of the gene. This suggests that the ACTN3 gene may play a role in determining an individual's ability to sustain high-intensity exercise.

Overall, the genes PPARGC1A and ACTN3 have a significant impact on an individual's anaerobic threshold and endurance during exercise

Exercise Effect On Weight

Genes of Interest: ADRB2, LPL, FTO, LOC

These genes play a role in regulating various processes in the body, such as energy metabolism, fat storage, and weight management.

The gene ADRB2 encodes the beta-2 adrenergic receptor, which is involved in the regulation of energy metabolism. This gene has been shown to be associated with weight loss and improved glucose metabolism in response to exercise.

The gene LPL (Lipoprotein Lipase) is involved in the breakdown of fats in the body. This gene has been found to be associated with weight loss in response to exercise, especially when combined with a healthy diet.

The gene FTO (Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated Gene) has been linked to body weight and fat mass. This gene has been found to be associated with decreased weight loss in response to exercise, and may also play a role in the regulation of appetite and food intake.

The gene LOC (Locus of Control) has been associated with weight loss and improved weight management in response to exercise. This gene is involved in regulating the perception of control over one's own life and behavior, and has been found to play a role in the motivation and adherence to exercise programs.

Injury Risk

Genes of Interest: COL5A1, GDF5, COL1A1

The genes COL5A1, GDF5, and COL1A1 play a role in determining our risk of injury. These genes are involved in the formation and maintenance of our connective tissues, such as tendons and ligaments, which provide support and stability to our joints. Variations in these genes can affect the strength and flexibility of our connective tissues, which can increase the risk of injury.

Studies have shown that individuals with certain variations in the COL5A1 gene have an increased risk of developing tendon injuries, such as Achilles tendonitis. On the other hand, variations in the GDF5 gene have been linked to an increased risk of osteoarthritis, a condition that affects the joints and can cause pain and stiffness.

Similarly, variations in the COL1A1 gene have been associated with an increased risk of developing osteogenesis imperfecta, a genetic disorder that affects the formation and strength of bones and can lead to fractures.

While these genes can affect our risk of injury, it's important to note that many other factors, such as physical activity levels, diet, and overall health, also play a role. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular physical activity and a balanced diet, can help reduce the risk of injury.

Lean Body Mass

Genes of Interest: LEPR, TRHR

Lean body mass is an important aspect of overall physical health, as it helps to determine body composition and energy levels. A number of different genes are believed to play a role in regulating lean body mass, including LEPR and TRHR.

LEPR is the gene that codes for the leptin receptor, which is a protein that plays a crucial role in regulating appetite and energy levels. When the leptin receptor is activated, it sends signals to the brain to indicate that the body has had enough food, which can help to regulate body weight.

TRHR, on the other hand, codes for the thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor, which is involved in regulating the thyroid hormone levels in the body. The thyroid hormone plays an important role in regulating metabolism, which can impact body weight and lean body mass.

Studies have shown that variations in these genes can have a significant impact on lean body mass, with some variants being associated with lower levels of lean body mass. However, it is important to note that these findings are complex and not always consistent, and that other factors such as diet and exercise also play a role in determining lean body mass.

In conclusion, LEPR and TRHR are just two of the many genes that are believed to play a role in regulating lean body mass. Further research is needed to fully understand the impact of these genes on body composition and overall health.

Muscle Mass

Genes of Interest: AMPD1, LEPR, IGF2, MSTN

AMPD1, or adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1, is an enzyme that plays a role in energy metabolism in the muscles. It has been shown to affect muscle mass in several studies. For example, a study published in the Journal of Applied Physiology found that AMPD1 activity was positively associated with muscle mass in older adults.

LEPR, or leptin receptor, is a protein that is involved in regulating energy balance and body weight. It has been suggested that variations in the LEPR gene may affect muscle mass, although more research is needed in this area.

INS-IGF2, or insulin-like growth factor 2, is a hormone that is involved in the regulation of growth and development. Some studies have suggested that variations in the INS-IGF2 gene may be associated with differences in muscle mass.

MSTN, or myostatin, is a protein that regulates muscle growth. Variations in the MSTN gene have been linked to differences in muscle mass in some studies, including a study published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.

Muscle Power

Genes of Interest: AMPD1, IL-6, ACTN3,NOS3, ACE, VEGFA, AGT, PPARA, TRHR, LEPR, INS-IGF2, COMT

The gene AMPD1 codes for an enzyme involved in the breakdown of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the primary source of energy for muscle contraction. A variation in the AMPD1 gene has been linked to improved muscle power performance.

The gene IL-6 is involved in the regulation of the immune system and has also been linked to increased muscle power response. The gene ACTN3 codes for alpha-actinin-3, a protein found in fast-twitch muscle fibers and is associated with improved muscle power and athletic performance.

The gene NOS3 plays a role in regulating blood flow and oxygen delivery to muscles, and variations in this gene have been linked to improved muscle power. The gene ACE codes for the angiotensin-converting enzyme, which is involved in regulating blood pressure and has also been linked to muscle power.

The gene VEGFA plays a role in the regulation of blood flow and oxygen delivery to muscles, and variations in this gene have been linked to improved muscle power. The gene AGT codes for angiotensinogen, a hormone involved in regulating blood pressure, and has also been linked to muscle power.

The gene PPARA is involved in regulating the production of energy in muscle cells and has been linked to improved muscle power. The gene TRHR is involved in the regulation of the thyroid hormone, which is important for muscle function, and variations in this gene have been linked to improved muscle power.

The gene LEPR codes for the leptin receptor, which is involved in regulating appetite and energy balance, and has been linked to muscle power. The gene INS-IGF2 codes for insulin-like growth factor 2, which is involved in the growth and development of muscle tissue, and variations in this gene have been linked to improved muscle power.

Finally, the gene COMT is involved in the regulation of neurotransmitters, including dopamine, which is important for muscle function, and variations in this gene have been linked to improved muscle power.

Muscle Stamina

Genes of Interest: ADRB2, COL5A1, ACTN3, PPARA, ACE, ADRB3, PPARGC1A, AMPD1, ADRB1, VEGFA, GABPB1, IGF2

These genes play a role in regulating various biological processes that impact muscle function and endurance.

For example, the gene ACTN3 has been linked to muscle strength and power, while the gene ACE has been linked to cardiovascular endurance. The gene ADRB2 has been shown to play a role in regulating the response of muscles to adrenaline, which can impact muscle endurance during exercise.

Studies have also shown that variations in these genes can impact an individual's ability to perform endurance activities, with some variations resulting in improved endurance and others resulting in decreased endurance.

It's important to note that genetics is just one factor that affects muscle stamina and other factors such as exercise and nutrition also play a role in overall endurance and performance.

Power-To-Weight Ratio

Genes of Interest: LEPR, TRHR, AMPD1, ACE, IGF2

The Power-To-Weight Ratio is an important factor in various physical activities and sports, as it determines how much power an individual can generate relative to their weight. Several genes have been found to play a role in affecting this ratio.

The LEPR gene is involved in regulating the levels of leptin, a hormone that plays a role in regulating energy balance and body weight. Variations in this gene have been linked to changes in body weight and energy metabolism.

The TRHR gene is involved in regulating the production of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), which controls the release of thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones play a role in regulating metabolism and energy production, and variations in the TRHR gene have been linked to changes in metabolism and weight.

The AMPD1 gene is involved in the production of adenosine monophosphate deaminase, which is an enzyme that helps to regulate energy metabolism. Variations in this gene have been linked to changes in energy metabolism and muscle function.

The ACE gene is involved in the regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance. Variations in this gene have been linked to changes in muscle mass and athletic performance.

The INS-IGF2 gene is involved in regulating insulin-like growth factor 2, which plays a role in regulating muscle growth and metabolism. Variations in this gene have been linked to changes in muscle mass and function.

Recovery Rate

Genes of Interest: AMPD1, IGF2, NOS3

AMPD1 is an enzyme that helps in breaking down adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) during energy production, which is crucial for muscle recovery. IGF2, also known as insulin-like growth factor 2, is involved in muscle growth and repair. INF-IGF2 is a gene that regulates the activity of IGF2. NOS3, also known as nitric oxide synthase 3, plays a role in blood flow and oxygenation, which is important for recovery after exercise.

Research has shown that variations in these genes may affect an individual's recovery rate. For example, a study published in the Journal of Sports Science and Medicine found that individuals with a specific variant of the AMPD1 gene had a faster recovery rate after exercise than those without the variant. Another study published in the Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research found that individuals with a specific variant of the NOS3 gene had a faster recovery rate after resistance exercise.

However, it is important to note that these genes are just a small part of the larger picture when it comes to recovery rate. Other factors such as age, nutrition, and overall health also play a role in recovery. Additionally, more research is needed to fully understand the complex relationships between these genes and recovery rate.

Soft Tissue Inflammation

Genes of Interest: AMPD1, GDF5, IGF2

Soft tissue inflammation can have a significant impact on our quality of life and physical ability. It is caused by a variety of factors, including injury, overuse, and underlying medical conditions. However, research has shown that certain genetic variations may also play a role in the development of soft tissue inflammation.

The genes AMPD1, GDF5, and INS-IGF2 have been implicated in this process. AMPD1 is involved in the regulation of energy metabolism, and variations in this gene have been associated with an increased risk of muscle injury and inflammation. GDF5 is a growth factor that plays a role in the development and maintenance of various tissues, including muscle and bone. Mutations in this gene have been linked to increased soft tissue inflammation and a higher risk of injury.

Similarly, the INS-IGF2 gene is involved in the regulation of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), which is a key player in the regulation of tissue growth and repair. Variations in this gene have been associated with a higher risk of soft tissue inflammation and injury, as well as a reduced ability of tissues to repair themselves.

Overall, these genes provide valuable insights into the underlying genetic factors that contribute to soft tissue inflammation. Further research is needed to fully understand the role these genes play, and to develop targeted interventions to prevent or treat soft tissue inflammation.

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